Which type of Excema do I have?
Atopic Excema
Atopic excema
is the commonest form of excema and is closely linked with asthma
and hayfever. It can affect both children and adults, usually
running in families. One of the most common symptoms of atopic
excema is its itchiness (or pruritis), which can be almost
unbearable. Other symptoms include overall dryness of the skin,
redness and inflammation. Constant scratching can also cause the
skin to split, leaving it prone to infection. In infected excema the
skin may crack and weep (‘wet’ excema). Treatments include
emollients to maintain skin hydration and steroids to reduce
inflammation.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Develops when the body’s immune system reacts against a substance in contact with the skin. The allergic reaction often develops over a period of time through repeated contact with the substance. For example, an allergic reaction may occur to nickel, which is often found in earrings, belt buckles and jeans buttons. Reactions can also occur after contact with other substances such as perfumes and rubber. In order to prevent repeated reactions it is best to prevent contact with anything that you know causes a rash.
Irritant Contact Dermatitis
This is a type of excema caused by frequent
contact with everyday substances, such as detergents and chemicals,
which are irritating to the skin. It most commonly occurs on the
hands of adults and can be prevented by avoiding the irritants and
keeping the skin moisturized.
Infantile Seborrhoeic Excema
A common condition affecting babies under one year old, the exact cause of which is unknown. Also referred to as cradle cap, it usually starts on the scalp or the nappy area and quickly spreads. Although this type of excema looks unpleasant, it is not sore or itchy and does not cause the baby to feel uncomfortable or unwell. Normally this type of excema will clear in just a few months, though the use of moisturising creams and bath oils can help to speed this along.
Adult Seborrhoeic Excema
Characteristically affects adults between the ages
of 20 and 40. It is usually seen on the scalp as mild dandruff, but
can spread to the face, ears and chest. The skin becomes red,
inflamed and starts to flake. The condition is believed to be caused
by a yeast growth. If the condition becomes infected, treatment with
an anti-fungal cream may be necessary.
Varicose Excema
Varicose excema affects the lower legs of those in their middle to late years, being caused by poor circulation. Commonly the skin around the ankles is affected, becoming speckled, itchy and inflamed. Treatment is with emollients and steroid creams. If left untreated, the skin can break down, resulting in an ulcer.
Discoid Excema
Is usually found in adults and appears suddenly as
a few coin shaped areas of red skin, normally on the trunk or lower
legs. They become itchy and can weep fluid. Usually discoid excema
is treated with emollients (and steroid creams if necessary).
